Respiratory Medicine
Volume 102, Issue 12 , Pages 1708-1714 , December 2008

Diagnostic value of interleukine-6, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant pleural effusions

  • Bernard C. Duysinx

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +32 43667881; fax: +32 43668846.
  • ,
  • Jean-Louis Corhay

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • ,
  • Laurent Hubin

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • ,
  • Delphine Nguyen

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • ,
  • Monique Henket

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • ,
  • Renaud Louis

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
    • GIGA Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

Received 14 February 2008 ,Accepted 11 July 2008.

References 

  1. Light RW, Macgregor MI, Luchsinger PC, Ball WC. Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:507–513
  2. Light RW, Erozan YS, Ball WC. Cells in pleural fluid. Their value in differential diagnosis. Arch Intern Med. 1973;132:854–860
  3. Sahn S. State of the art: the pleura. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;138:184–234
  4. Prakash U, Reiman H. Comparison of needle biopsy with cytologic analysis for the evaluation of pleural effusion: analysis of 414 cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985;60:158–164
  5. Von Hoff D, Di Volsi V. Diagnostic reliability of needle biopsy of the parietal pleura: a review of 272 biopsies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1979;72:48–51
  6. Schönfeld N, Loddenkemper R. Pleural biopsy and thoracoscopy. Eur Respir Mon. 1998;9:135–152
  7. Poe RH, Israel RH, Utell MJ, Hall WJ, Greenblatt DW, Kallay MC. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of closed pleural biopsy. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:325–328
  8. Dedrick CG, Mc Loud TC, Shepard JA, Shipley RT. Computed tomography of localized pleural mesothelioma. Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144:275–280
  9. Leung A, Muller N, Miller R. CT in differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease. Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154:487–492
  10. Sahn S. Malignant pleural effusions. In:  Fischman AP editors. Pulmonary diseases and disorders. 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 1988;p. 2159–2170
  11. Gupta NC, Rogers JS, Graeber GM, Gregory JL, Waheed U, Mullet D, et al. Clinical role of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in patients with lung cancer and suspected malignant pleural effusion. Chest. 2002;122(6):1918–1924
  12. Schaffler GJ, Wolf G, Schoellnast H, Groell R, Maier A, Smolle-Juttner FM, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation of pleural abnormalities on CT scans with 18F-FDG PET. Radiology. 2004;231(3):858–865
  13. Duysinx B, Nguyen D, Louis R, Cataldo D, Belhocine T, Bartsch P, et al. Evaluation of pleural disease with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Chest. 2004;125(2):489–493
  14. Duysinx BC, Larock MP, Nguyen D, Corhay JL, Bury T, Hustinx R, et al. 18F-FDG PET imaging in assessing exudative pleural effusions. Nucl Med Commun. 2006;27:971–976
  15. Antony VB, Godbey SW, Kunkel SL, Hott JW, Hartman DL, Burdick MD, et al. Recruitment of inflammatory cells to the pleural space: chemotactic cytokines, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 in human pleural fluids. J Immunol. 1993;151:7216–7223
  16. Alexandrakis MG, Coulocheri SA, Bouros D, Mandalaki K, Karkavitsas N, Eliopoulos GD. Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in malignant and benign pleural effusions. Oncol Rep. 2000;7:1327–1332
  17. Hoheisel G, Izbicki G, Roth M, Chan CH, Reichenberger F, Schauer J, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with lung cancer and carcinomatous pleurisy. Respiration. 1998;65:183–186
  18. Shimokata K, Saka H, Murate T, Hasegawa Y, Hasegawa T. Cytokine content in pleural effusion: comparison between tuberculous and carcinomatous pleurisy. Chest. 1991;99:1103–1107
  19. Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Fujino S, Abe M, Ishida O, Hiwada K. Soluble interleukine-6 receptor levels in pleural effusions. Respir Med. 1996;90:329–332
  20. Alexandrakis MG, Coulocheri SA, Bouros D, Eliopoulos GD. Evaluation of ferritin, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the differentiation of exudates and transudates in pleural effusions. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:3607–3612
  21. Xirouchaki N, Tzanakis N, Bouros D, Kyriakou D, Karkavitsas N, Alexandrakis M, et al. Diagnostic value of interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor in pleural effusions. Chest. 2002;121:815–820
  22. Opal SM, DePalo VA. Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest. 2000;117:1162–1172
  23. Nicod LP. Cytokines: l. overview. Thorax. 1993;48:660–667
  24. Elias JA, Freundlich B, Kern JA, Rosenbloom J. Cytokine networks in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Chest. 1990;97:1439–1445
  25. Lin CC, Liu CC, Lin CY. Changes in cell population and tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in malignant pleural effusions after treatment with intrapleural tetracycline. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147:1503–1506
  26. Sporn MB, Robert AB, Wakefield LM, de Crombrugghe B. Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta. J Cell Biol. 1987;105:1039–1045
  27. Ikubo A, Morisaki T, Katano M, Kitsuki H, Anan K, Uchiyama A, et al. A possible role of TGF-β in the formation of malignant effusions. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1995;77:27–32
  28. Maeda J, Ueki N, Ohkawa T, Iwahashi N, Nakano T, Hada T, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)- and β2-like activities in malignant pleural effusions caused by malignant mesothelioma or primary lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;98:319–322
  29. Marie C, Losser M-R, Fitting C, Kermarrec N, Payen D, Cavaillon JM. Cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in pleural effusions from septic and non septic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1515–1522
  30. Border WA, Noble NA. Transforming growth factor-β in tissue fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1286–1292
  31. Thickett DR, Armstrong L, Millar AB. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in inflammatory and malignant pleural effusions. Thorax. 1999;54:707–710
  32. Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Perruzzi CA, Harvey VS, Dvorak HF. Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science. 1983;219:983–985
  33. Ferrara N, Henzel WJ. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;161:851–858
  34. Sack U, Hoffmann M, Zhao XJ, Chan KS, Hui DS, Gosse H, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in pleural effusions of different origin. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:600–604
  35. Grove CS, Lee YC. Vascular endothelial growth factor: the key mediator in pleural effusion formation. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8:294–301
  36. Light RW, Hamm H. Malignant pleural effusion: would the real cause please stand up?. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:1701–1702
  37. Cheng D, Rodriguez RM, Perkett EA, Rogers J, Bienvenu G, Lappalainen U, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in pleural fluid. Chest. 1999;116:760–765
  38. Lim SC, Jung SI, Kim YC, Park KO. Vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions. J Korean Med Sci. 2000;15:279–283
  39. Cheng D, Lee YC, Rogers JT, Perkett EA, Moyers JP, Rodriguez RM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor level correlates with transforming growth factor-β isoform levels in pleural effusions. Chest. 2000;118:1747–1753
  40. Mommi H, Matsuyama W, Inoue K, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and proinflammatory cytokines in pleural effusions. Respir Med. 2002;96:817–822
  41. Kaya A, Poyraz B, Celik G, Ciledag A, Gulbay BE, Savas H, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in benign and malignant pleural effusions. Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:376–379
  42. Daniil ZD, Zintzaras E, Kiropoulos T, Papaioannou AI, Koutsokera A, Kastanis A, et al. Discrimination of exudative pleural effusions based on multiple biological parameters. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:957–964
  43. Yilmaz U, Polat G, Sahin N, Soy O, Gulay U. CT in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural disease. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2005;63:17–22
  44. Lee YCG. Cytokines in pleural diseases. Chapter 6 In:  Light RW,  Lee YCG editor. Textbook of pleural disease. London: Arnold Publishers; 2003;p. 63–89
  45. Chung C-L, Chen C-H, Sheu J-R, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-β1, and fibrinolytic enzymes in loculated and free-flowing pleural exudates. Chest. 2005;128:690–697
  46. Akarsu S, Kurt AN, Dogan Y, et al. The differential diagnostic values of cytokine levels in pleural effusions. Mediators Inflamm. 2005;2005(1):2–8
  47. Yokoyama A, Maruyama M, Ito M, et al. Interleukin 6 activity in pleural effusion. Chest. 1992;102:1055–1059

PII: S0954-6111(08)00252-7

doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.07.008

Respiratory Medicine
Volume 102, Issue 12 , Pages 1708-1714 , December 2008