Serum biomarkers as predictors of lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary 

Background

Recent studies show that COPD patients exhibit low-grade systemic inflammation, and that plasma fibrinogen and high neutrophil counts are related to faster declines in lung function. We examined correlations between serum biomarkers and the decline of lung function in COPD patients.

Method

Baseline levels of 9 serum biomarkers (TIMP-1, α1-antitrypsin, MMP-9, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8, neutrophil elastase and CRP), fibrinogen and white blood cell counts (WCC) were measured in 96 COPD patients. Lung function was measured at the time of blood sampling and every 3–6 months during the observation period (median 25.0 months).

Results

Twenty patients were rapid decliners of lung function and 53 patients were non-decliners. Neutrophil counts, serum CRP and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the rapid decliners (p<0.05). The annual change of % predicted FEV₁ was inversely correlated with MMP-9 (r=−0.288; p<0.01) and CRP (r=−0.354; p<0.005) (partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and baseline % predicted FEV₁). The remaining biomarkers were not correlated with the annual change of % predicted FEV₁.

Conclusion

Serum CRP and MMP-9 levels were related to FEV₁ decline. These markers are good candidates as predictors for rapid decline of FEV₁ in COPD patients. Additional long-term and larger size studies of COPD patients could help determine the exact roles for these biomarkers.

Keywords: COPD, Systemic inflammation, Prognosis, Biomarker, c reactive protein, Matrix metalloproteinase