Alveolar and bronchial exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary 

Background

Fractional exhaled NO (Fe,NO) has yielded inconsistent results in COPD. Measuring exhaled NO at multiple flow rates however, allows to dissect exhaled NO in an alveolar (CAlv,NO) and bronchial (J'aw,NO) fraction, which are claimed to better reflect the bronchial and alveolar inflammation in COPD. We examined whether the use of Fe,NO, CAlv,NO and J'aw,NO may contribute to the clinical diagnosis of COPD.

Methods

One hundred and fifty one patients were included in this case–control design: 28 healthy nonsmokers, 39 healthy smokers, 55 COPD nonsmokers and 29 COPD smokers. Prior to spirometry, exhaled NO was measured at three different flow rates (50, 100 and 200ml/s; NIOX-FLEX) from which Fe,NO, CAlv,NO and J'aw,NO were calculated.

Results

Mean Fe,NO, mean CAlv,NO and mean J'aw,NO of healthy individuals were not significantly different from COPD patients and none of these variables correlated with FEV₁. In both healthy and COPD patients, current smoking significantly reduced Fe,NO, J'aw,NO and CAlv,NO. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that in contrast to gender, age, BMI, GOLD stage and the use of inhaled corticosteroids, current smoking was the only variable affecting CAlv,NO. (p=0.0115)

Conclusion

We conclude that similar to single breath exhaled NO, exhaled NO at different flow rates does not contribute to the diagnosis of COPD in standard respiratory practice.

Keywords: COPD, Alveolar nitric oxide