Respiratory Medicine
Volume 104, Issue 10 , Pages 1436-1443 , October 2010

Increases in airway eosinophilia and a th1 cytokine during the chronic asymptomatic phase of asthma

  • Chang Keun Kim

      Affiliations

    • Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 139-707, Korea
  • ,
  • Jungi Choi

      Affiliations

    • Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 139-707, Korea
  • ,
  • Zak Callaway

      Affiliations

    • Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 139-707, Korea
  • ,
  • Koji Iijima

      Affiliations

    • Department of Immunology, Allergic Disease Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester MN 55905, USA
  • ,
  • Gerald Volcheck

      Affiliations

    • Department of Immunology, Allergic Disease Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester MN 55905, USA
  • ,
  • Hirohito Kita

      Affiliations

    • Department of Immunology, Allergic Disease Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester MN 55905, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 507 284 6109; fax: +1 507 284 5045.

Received 19 January 2010 ,Accepted 25 March 2010.

References 

  1. Seaton A, Godden DJ, Brown K. Increase in asthma: a more toxic environment or a more susceptible population?. Thorax. 1994;49:171–174
  2. Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, Barneon G, Ghavanian N, Enander I, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1033–1039
  3. Wardlaw AJ, Dunnette S, Gleich GJ, Collins JV, Kay AB. Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137:62–69
  4. Gleich GJ, Adolphson CR, Kita H. The eosinophil and asthma. In:  Busse WW,  Holgate ST editor. 2nd ed.. Asthma and rhinitis. vol. 1:Oxford, England: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2000;p. 429–479
  5. Gleich GJ. Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;105:651–663
  6. Garlisi CG, Falcone A, Kung TT, Stelts D, Pennline KJ, Beavis AJ, et al. T cells are necessary for Th2 cytokine production and eosinophil accumulation in airways of antigen-challenged allergic mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1995;75:75–83
  7. Robinson DS, Hamid Q, Ying S, Tsicopoulos A, Barkans J, Bentley AM, et al. Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:298–304
  8. Leckie MJ, ten Brinke A, Khan J, Diamant Z, O’Connor BJ, Walls CM, et al. Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response. Lancet. 2000;356:2144–2148
  9. Lommatzsch M, Julius P, Kuepper M, Garn H, Bratke K, Irmscher A, et al. The course of allergen-induced leukocyte infiltration in human and experimental asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:91–97
  10. Haldar P, Brightling CE, Hargadon B, Gupta S, Monteiro W, Sousa A, et al. Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:973–984
  11. Nair P, Pizzichini MM, Kjarsgaard M, Inman MD, Efthimiadis A, Pizzichini E, et al. Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:985–993
  12. Barnes PJ. Intrinsic asthma: not so different from allergic asthma but driven by superantigens?. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39:1145–1151
  13. Virchow JC, Walker C, Hafner D, Kortsik C, Werner P, Matthys H, et al. T cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen provocation in atopic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:960–968
  14. Humbert M, Durham SR, Ying S, Kimmitt P, Barkans J, Assoufi B, et al. IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein in bronchial biopsies from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma: evidence against “intrinsic” asthma being a distinct immunopathologic entity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:1497–1504
  15. Walker C, Bauer W, Braun RK, Menz G, Braun P, Schwarz F, et al. Activated T cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavages from patients with various lung diseases associated with eosinophilia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:1038–1048
  16. Walker C, Bode E, Boer L, Hansel TT, Blaser K, Virchow JC, et al. Allergic and nonallergic asthmatics have distinct patterns of T-cell activation and cytokine production in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:109–115
  17. Humbert M, Menz G, Ying S, Corrigan CJ, Robinson DS, Durhan SR, et al. The immunopathology of extrinsic (atopic) and intrinsic (non-atopic) asthma: more similarities than differences. Immunol Today. 1999;20:528–533
  18. Kim CK, Hagan JB. Sputum tests in the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93:112–123
  19. Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Efthimiadis A, Evans S, Morris MM, Squillace D, et al. Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:308–317
  20. Belda J, Leigh R, Parameswaran K, O’Byrne PM, Sears MR, Hargreave FE. Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:475–478
  21. Cleland WW. Dithiothreitol, a new protective reagent for SH groups. Biochemistry. 1964;35:480–482
  22. Grebski E, Peterson C, Medici TC. Effect of physical and chemical methods of homogenization on inflammatory mediators in sputum of asthma patients. Chest. 2001;119:1521–1525
  23. Fahy JV, Kim KW, Liu J, Boushey HA. Prominent neutrophilic inflammation in sputum from subjects with asthma exacerbation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;95:843–852
  24. Kelly MM, Leigh R, Carruthers S, Horsewood P, Gleich GJ, Hargreave FE, et al. Increased detection of interleukin-5 in sputum by addition of protease inhibitors. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:685–691
  25. Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol. 1989;7:145–173
  26. Boushey HA, Fahy JV. Targeting cytokines in asthma therapy: round one. Lancet. 2000;356:2114–2116
  27. Hansen G, Berry G, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT. Allergen-specific Th1 cells fail to counterbalance Th2 cell-induced airway hyperreactivity but cause severe airway inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:175–183
  28. Krug N, Madden J, Redington AE, Lackie P, Djukanovic R, Schauer U, et al. T-cell cytokine profile evaluated at the single cell level in BAL and blood in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1996;14:319–326
  29. Magnan AO, Mely LG, Camilla CA, Badier MM, Montero-Julian FA, Guillot CM, et al. Assessment of the Th1/Th2 paradigm in whole blood in atopy and asthma. Increased IFN-gamma-producing CD8 (+) T cells in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1790–1796
  30. Ishihara C, Ochiai K, Kagami M, Takashahi H, Matsuyama G, Yoshida S, et al. Human peripheral eosinophils express functional interferon-gamma receptors (IFN-gammaR). Clin Exp Immunol. 1997;110:524–529
  31. Pearce N, Douwes J, Beasley R. Is allergen exposure the major primary cause of asthma?. Thorax. 2000;55:424–431
  32. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, Nickel R, Niggemann B, Sommerfeld C, et al. Multicenter allergy study group: the pattern of atopic sensitization is associated with the development of asthma in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:709–714
  33. Werfel T, Morita A, Grewe M, Renz H, Wahn U, Krutmann J, et al. Allergen specificity of skin-infiltrating T cells is not restricted to a type-2 cytokine pattern in chronic skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;107:871–876
  34. Kanda A, Driss V, Hornez N, Abdallah M, Roumier T, Abboud G, et al. Eosinophil-derived IFN-γ induces airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124:573–582
  35. Czech W, Krutmann J, Budnik A, Schopf E, Kapp A. Induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in normal human eosinophils by inflammatory cytokines. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;100:417–423
  36. Zhenying N, Nelson CS, Jacoby DB, Fryer AD. Expression and regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on airway parasympathetic nerves. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:1415–1422
  37. Stark JM, Godding V, Sedgwick JB, Busse WW. Respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. J Immunol. 1996;156:4774–4782
  38. Yamaguchi T, Kimura H, Kurabayashi M, Kozawa K, Kato M. Interferon-gamma enhances human eosinophil effector functions induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-5. Immunol Lett. 2008;118:88–95
  39. Lacy P, Mahmudi-Azer S, Bablitz B, Hagen SC, Velazquez JR, Man SF, et al. Rapid mobilization of intracellularly stored RANTES in response to interferon-gamma in human eosinophils. Blood. 1999;94:23–32
  40. Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Kuga H, Kawaguchi M, Ieki K, Odaka M, et al. Differential regulation of eotaxin expression by IFN-gamma in airway epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1337–1344
  41. Flood-Page PT, Menzies-Gow AN, Kay AB, Robinson DS. Eosinophil’s role remains uncertain as anti-interleukin-5 only partially depletes numbers in asthmatic airway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:199–204
  42. Liu LY, Sedgwick JB, Bates ME, Vrtis RF, Gern JE, Kita H, et al. Decreased expression of membrane IL-5 receptor alpha on human eosinophils: I. Loss of membrane IL-5 receptor alpha on airway eosinophils and increased soluble IL-5 receptor alpha in the airway after allergen challenge. J Immunol. 2002;169:6452–6458
  43. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Wood R, Cunningham L, Bean DK, Yasruel Z, et al. Evidence for distinct cytokine expression in allergic versus nonallergic chronic sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;96:537–544
  44. Simon HU. Regulation of cell survival. In:  Adkinson NF,  Bochner BS,  Busse WW,  Holgate ST,  Lemanske RF,  Simons FER editor. Adkinson: middleton’s allergy: principles and practice. 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2008;p. 413–422
  45. Fanat AI, Thomson JV, Radford K, Nair P, Sehmi R. Human airway smooth muscle promotes eosinophil differentiation. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39:1009–1117

PII: S0954-6111(10)00141-1

doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.03.023

Respiratory Medicine
Volume 104, Issue 10 , Pages 1436-1443 , October 2010